MinuteEarth
By: Minute Earth
Language: en
Categories: Science, Earth
From the creators of the popular science show with millions of YouTube subscribers comes the MinuteEarth podcast. Every episode of the show dives deep into a science question you might not even know you had - but once you hear the answer, you’ll want to share it with everyone you know. Our team of scientists digs into the research and breaks it down into a short, entertaining explanation jam-packed with science facts and terrible puns. We’ll tell the incredible story of how monkeys crossed the Atlantic ocean on natural rafts, and we’ll explain why it gets hotter the de...
Episodes
Why Do People Hate Koalas? (ft. @tibees )
Oct 27, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Fecal pap: a mixture of contents from an herbivore mother's caecum that colonizes the joey's gut with bacteria. Marsupial: a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother's belly.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:05:28Micro Extinction
Oct 26, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:41Softwood Pollination
Oct 25, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:30Why Are They All In Antarctica?
Oct 24, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
ANSMET: a program funded by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation that looks for meteorites in the Transantarctic Mountains. Glacier: a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. Meteorite: a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:58Should More Species Be Extinct?
Oct 23, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:21These Countries Are Cheating
Oct 22, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Paris Agreement: a 2015 treaty negotiated by 196 parties that aims to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon emissions: the release of carbon compounds into the atmosphere, mostly in the form of CO2. Carbon sink: anything - like a forest - that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases. Flaring: the process of burning off excess gas from an oil or gas well or refinery. Climate TRACE: a nonprofit that uses satellite data to project emissions.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:57How Fish Get Away With Being Colorful
Oct 21, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Visual resolution: the ability to see fine spatial detailMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:10Why Most Fossils Are Incomplete
Oct 20, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Taphonomy: the branch of paleontology that deals with the processes of fossilization Debris flow: a moving mass of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, water and air that travels down a slope under the influence of gravityMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:32Softwood Hardness
Oct 19, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:15Janka Scale
Oct 18, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:24Ancient Humans Made Millions Of These - We Don’t Know Why
Oct 17, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Acheulean handaxe: large, chipped stone objects which represent the oldest, most common, and longest-used formally-shaped working tool in human history. Microscopy: the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Microlith: small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimeter or so in length and half a centimeter wide.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:22Why We Haven’t Learned More In 101 Years Of Trying
Oct 16, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
European Eel: A long-lived, snakelike fish native to the rivers of Europe. Eel, Pie, and Mash: A common meal of poorer Englishmen for the last several centuries. Spontaneous Generation: The hypothetical process by which organisms would generate from non-living matter. The Eel Question: A matter of great debate for millenia - specifically: how do eels reproduce and where do they come from? Sargasso Sea: A region of the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Bermuda bounded by four currents forming an ocean gyre that is recognizable... Duration: 00:04:16This Is Not A Bug
Oct 15, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Bug: a small insect, or an insect of a large order distinguished by having mouthparts that are modified for piercing and sucking. Entomology: the branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects. Etymology: the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. Insect: a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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How Caffeine Accidentally Took Over The World
Oct 14, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Alkaloid: any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin which have pronounced physiological actions on humans. Allelopathy: the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors. Caffeine: a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system. Pesticide: a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to plants or to animals.MinuteEarth...
Duration: 00:04:08Is Pregnancy A Disease?
Oct 13, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:05:06Softwood Evolution
Oct 12, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:17Colloquial and Taxonomic
Oct 11, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:17You Can’t Actually Die Of Old Age
Oct 10, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Cause of death: the specific injury or disease that leads to death. Death certificate: an official statement, signed by a physician, of the cause, date, and place of a person's death. Geriatrics: a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of older adults. Old age: the range of ages nearing and surpassing the life expectancy of human beings Senescence: the condition or process of deterioration with age.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:06The Weird Sex Lives of Bluegills
Oct 09, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Alternative mating strategy: a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy. Dependent selection: an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:29The Disease You Will Never Survive
Oct 08, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Prion: an abnormal pathogenic agent that is transmissible and able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called prion proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain. Spongiform encephalopathies: a group of rare degenerative brain disorders caused by prions and characterized by tiny holes that give the brain a “spongy” appearance. Amyloid: an abnormal aggregate of protein. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is an invariably fatal degenerative brain disorder. Early symptoms include memory prob... Duration: 00:04:09Why Do Heart Attacks Cause *Arm* Pain?
Oct 07, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Nerve: a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs. Nerve impulse: a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber. It consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes. Referred pain: pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/origin. It is the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves that supplies many different... Duration: 00:03:18What Is The Best Shape For A Farm?
Oct 06, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Central pivot irrigation: an irrigation system that moves in a circular pattern around a central pivot point Contour farming: tilling sloped land along lines of consistent elevation in order to conserve rainwater and to reduce soil losses from erosion Strip cropping: partitioning a field into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system Terracing: a method of farming consisting of building platforms along a slopeMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:35Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Oct 05, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:27Hardwoods and Softwoods
Oct 04, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:13When Was The Worst Time In History To Die?
Oct 03, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Comorbidity: the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. Schistosomiasis: a disease caused by liver flukes that has affected humans for more than 100,000 years. Meta-analysis: an examination of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject, in order to determine overall trends. Prehistory: the period between when modern humans first appeared and the dawn of agriculture. Columbian exchange: the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas were introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to North... Duration: 00:04:32The 3 Reasons This Tree Has Lived 5000 Years
Oct 02, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Great basin bristlecone pine tree: a species of pine tree that includes many of the longest-lived individual trees on Earth. Bark beetles: the common name for a subfamily of beetles that has destroyed millions of acres of forest across the Western United States. Terpenes: waxy chemicals that increase wood density in certain pine trees. Bark morphology: a trait of certain bristlecones in which strips of exposed wood extend up and down the tree, allowing them to pass nutrients even when other parts of the trunk have... Duration: 00:03:41Why It's Impossible To Win a Nuclear War
Oct 01, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Black carbon: groups of linked carbon atoms. Fallout: radioactive particles that are carried into the atmosphere after a nuclear explosion or accident and gradually fall back as dust or in precipitation. Jet stream: a narrow variable band of very strong predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth. Radiation: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization. Weapon yield: the amount of energy released when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually... Duration: 00:04:57When Tree Planting Goes Wrong
Sep 30, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Afforestation: the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested. Carbon sequestration: a process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form. Ecological restoration: the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. Moor: wet, upland habitats characterized by low-growing shrubs, grasses, bog-mosses, and damp, peaty soils.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:08Which Is Worse: Underpopulation Or Overpopulation?
Sep 29, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Overpopulation: a situation in which there are too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available. Underpopulation: a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. Exponential growth: a pattern of data that shows greater increases with passing time, creating the curve of an exponential function. Extreme poverty: an income below the international poverty line of ~$2/day Total fertility rate: the average number of children born to each... Duration: 00:03:29Balsa Hardwood
Sep 28, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:25Dog Years
Sep 27, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:23What if We Replaced Nuclear With Potatoes
Sep 26, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Calorie: the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules). Energy: power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines. Joule: the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour. Watt: the SI unit o... Duration: 00:03:56How We Learned That Water Isn't An Element
Sep 25, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Chemical element: is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. Atom: is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Molecule: is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds. Inflammable air: an old name for hydrogen. Hydrogen: is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe. Early chemists identified hydrogen gas because it was... Duration: 00:04:47There’s No Such Thing As “Warm-” Or “Cold-” Blooded
Sep 24, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Thermoregulation: the strategy through which the body maintains its internal temperature. Endotherm: an animal that generates most of its heat internally. Ectotherm: an animal that relies on environmental heat sources. Mesotherm: an animal with an intermediate heat generating strategy. Poikilotherm: an animal whose internal temperature varies considerably. Heterotherm: an animal that sometimes keeps its body temperature the same and sometimes lets it vary. Homeotherm: an animal whose internal temperature does not change much.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:42Mushroom Wars
Sep 23, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Fungi: Members of a eukaryotic kingdom that have chitin in their cell walls and do not photosynthesize. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of certain trees. Symbiosis: A close and long-term relationship between two unlike organisms. Saprotrophic Fungi: Fungi that decompose the remains of other biological entities. Gadgil Effect: The phenomenon that occurs when saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi compete in forest soils. Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that easily evaporate at room temperature.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC<...
Duration: 00:03:27The Couch Candy Protocol
Sep 22, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Species accumulation curve: a graph recording the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the cumulative effort expended searching for them.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:58Different Thunders
Sep 21, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:52Thunder Shockwave
Sep 20, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:32The Plant You Don’t Have To Water
Sep 19, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant but does not feed from itMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:12We Have No Idea Why
Sep 18, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Bioluminescence: the biochemical emission of light by living organisms such as fireflies and deep-sea fishes. Biofluorescence: The emission of previously absorbed light by fluorescent proteins in a living organism. Luciferin: an organic substance, present in luminescent organisms such as fireflies, that produces light when oxidized by the action of the enzyme luciferase.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:16When 90dB is LOUDER than 120dB
Sep 17, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Decibels (dB): a unit used to measure changes in pressure or power. Loudness: the intensity with which a sound is perceived. Weighted decibels (dBA): decibels that try to take into account our sensitivity for different frequencies to better approximate loudness. Frequency: the rate at which something occurs. In the context of sound it usually means 'sound waves per second'. Audible: perceptible for the human ear. High sound: a sound that has a high (fast) frequency Low sound: a sound that has a low (slow) frequency Resonance... Duration: 00:03:41Why Weather Forecasts Suck
Sep 16, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Front: a boundary separating air masses of different characteristics, such as air density, wind, temperature, and humidity Frontal rainfall: occurs when a warm air mass comes in contact with a colder air mass Convectional rainfall: occurs when the sun's energy heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water vapour Nowcasting: weather forecasting limited to periods less than a few hoursMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:49What Happens When A Volcano Meets a Glacier?
Sep 15, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle. Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock. Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets. Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:41Shock wave
Sep 14, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:28What’s Thunder
Sep 13, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:31How Do Abortion Pills Work?
Sep 12, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Medication abortion/pill-based abortion: an abortion that uses pills, rather than surgical intervention Self-managed abortion: a pill-based abortion done by an individual without medical guidance Progesterone: a hormone made by the body that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy Cervix: the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus Contraction: a shortening of the uterine musclesMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:50Why Continents Are High
Sep 11, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Tectonic plate: Earth’s rigid outer layer is broken up into a bunch of pieces, called tectonic plates. Usually people think of tectonic plates as the Earth’s crust, but the plates are actually made of the crust PLUS the very top of the mantle, which is cool enough to be rigid and hard and stuck to the crust. The crust and the top of the mantle together are called the “lithosphere.” Underneath that is a part of the mantle called the “asthenosphere,” which is the part that oo... Duration: 00:03:35Our Lungs Have A Fatal Flaw
Sep 10, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Alveolus: any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange. Bronchiole: any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides. PM 2.5: tiny particles or droplets in the air that are two and one half microns or less in width. PM 10: inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller. Nasopharynx: the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:38Vampire Life is Hard
Sep 09, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Hematophagy: the practice by some species of feeding on the blood of other animals. Hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Free radicals: unstable atoms that can damage cells. Anticoagulant: a substance that inhibits the coagulation of the blood.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:03Do Other Diseases Have "Long" Versions?
Sep 08, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Sequelae: Chronic complications of an acute condition. RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus infects a majority of children before the age of two. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a coronavirus-caused respiratory disease responsible for an outbreak in 2002-2003. Cytokine Storm: A sudden increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines that causes a severe immune reaction. Fibrosis: Pathological wound healing that leads to the formation of scar tissue.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:32Whale Sounds
Sep 07, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:18Stable Stations
Sep 06, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:17The Actual Reason Men Die First
Sep 05, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Chromosome: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Gene: the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. Mutation: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes. Recessive allele: a type of allele... Duration: 00:04:02Why Is There So Much Land In The North?
Sep 04, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Continental drift: An early theory of land movement that posited that the continents floated on the ocean bed. Tetrahedral hypothesis: An early theory that attempted to explain the arrangement of Earth’s continents and oceans based on the geometry of a tetrahedron. Plate tectonics: The generally accepted theory that the Earth’s surface is made up of a series of tectonic plates that slowly move around on top of the mantle. Pangea: The most recent supercontinent to form on Earth, during the late Paleozoic era. Great Rift... Duration: 00:03:10The Super Secrets of Sewage
Sep 03, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Microbiome - the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body). Wastewater - water that has been used in the home, in a business, or as part of an industrial process. Viral shedding - releasing a virus into the environment through sneezing, coughing, or feces.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:03They all do the same, but we still need them
Sep 02, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Ecological redundancy (also: functional redundancy or functional equivalence): the ecological phenomena that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups can share similar roles in ecosystem functionality Legume: a plant in the Fabaceae family Nitrogen fixation: the chemical process by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compoundsMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:54Where Will The Next Pandemic Come From?
Sep 01, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted to humans by animals Hyper reservoirs: Animals that naturally are home to multiple infectious agents. Spillover: Transmission of a zoonosis from an animal reservoir to a human. Life history strategy: An evolutionary strategy that involves tradeoffs among growth, survival, and reproduction.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:23Bertha Benz
Aug 31, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:35Favorite Green
Aug 30, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:29Why Water Dissolves (Almost) Everything
Aug 29, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
solvent: a substance that dissolves a solute solubility: the relative ability of a solute to dissolve into a solventMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:47Screens are NOT the reason kids need glasses 👀
Aug 28, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Lens: A transparent biconvex structure in the eye that can change its shape to change the focal distance. Retina: A layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light. Fovea: A small depression in the retina where visual acuity is highest. Myopia: A common vision condition in which distant objects are blurry. Hyperopia: A vision condition in which nearer objects are blurry. Emmetropization: The process by which the eye grows in order to maximize visual acuity. Dopamine: A neurotransmitter in the... Duration: 00:03:18The Freshwater Paradox
Aug 27, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Speciation: The formation of new and distinct species. Sympatric speciation: The evolution of new species from ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when a population becomes separated by a geographic barrier. Adaptive radiation: The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:14Why Do Humans Vomit So Much? 🤮
Aug 26, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Emesis: The act of vomiting Vomiting: The oral eviction of gastrointestinal contents due to contractions in the gut and stomach. Nausea: A diffuse sensation of uneasiness and discomfort often felt as the need to vomit. Vomiting Center: An area in the brain’s medulla oblongata that initiates and controls emesis. Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone: An area in the area postrema of the medulla oblongata that is sensitive to certain toxic chemicals in the blood. Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: A region in the medulla oblongata that receives input from th... Duration: 00:03:32Is Soil Alive?
Aug 25, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Soil health: the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain biological productivity, promote the quality of air and water environments, and maintain plant, animal, and human health Living system: an open self-organizing life form that interacts with its environment Ecosystem services: varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystemsMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:35Disasters Price
Aug 24, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:19Cheaper Alternatives
Aug 23, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:18Bitcoin mining is a lot like reindeer mating 🪙💖🦌
Aug 22, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Bitcoin: a digital currency known as a cryptocurrency, which uses a proof-of-work consensus to validate transactions and create new units of Bitcoin. Proof-of-work: a decentralized consensus mechanism that requires members of a network to expend effort solving an arbitrary mathematical puzzle to prevent malicious activity Blockchain: a record of transactions made in Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency maintained across several linked computers, which can also be used in non-cryptocurrency applications Mining: the process of validating transactions and creating new Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies Sexual selection: a form... Duration: 00:03:25The Cheapest Way To Save A Life
Aug 21, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Vitamin A: A group of nutrients called retinoids used in several different processes in the human body. Malaria: A serious disease carried by parasites in a certain type of mosquito that feeds on humans. Value of Life: The economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality Upstream interventions: Approaches to healthcare that address root causes rather than symptoms. Night Blindness: An early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency in which the eye is unable to process low levels of light.MinuteEarth is produced...
Duration: 00:03:44Which is Worse?
Aug 20, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Aqueous humour: The clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea. Bone remodeling: The continuous process of synthesis and destruction that gives bone its mature structure and maintains normal calcium levels in the body. Ligament: A short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Sprain: A stretching or tearing of ligaments.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:33Why The Ocean Needs Salt
Aug 19, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Salt: chemical compounds made of positively- and negatively-charged particles called “ions” like sodium and chloride Convection current: the movement of fluid, like water, due to a difference in temperature and/or density Hydrothermal vent: a fissure on the seafloor that takes in dense ocean water and discharges water heated by volcanic activity below the seafloor.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:41Why The Weather Is Worse At The Mall
Aug 18, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Evapotranspiration: the return of water to the atmosphere from the ground surface. Troposphere: The lowest region of the Earth’s atmosphere, extending usually to around 10 km above the Earth’s surface. Tropopause: The top-most boundary of the troposphere. Low Pressure System: An area of relatively low pressure that draws air into it, causing converging winds. Micro-climate: The climate of a very small or restricted area. Heat Island: An urban area that has higher average temperatures than its surrounding due to the heat absorption of materials like conc... Duration: 00:03:41Coal Harm
Aug 17, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:19Specific Energy
Aug 16, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:13How Birds Fooled Military Radar
Aug 15, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Radar aeroecology - the use of radar to study airborne life, like birds, bats, and bugs Radar ornithology - the use of radar to study birds, especially bird migration Dual-polarization radar - radar that transmits and receives waves in both a horizontal and vertical orientation, giving a better idea of a target’s size, shape, and variety. Doppler effect - a change in a wave’s frequency in relation to whatever is observing it, such as a radar, but also your ears (it’s the reason a soun... Duration: 00:03:58The Most Common Allergy In The World
Aug 14, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Allergy: A damaging immune response by the body to a substance. Allergen: The substance that causes the allergic reaction. Urushiol: The allergen in poison ivy and poison oak. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An allergic response caused by contact with a substance that causes rash or lesions at the site of the exposure. Langerhans Cell: An immune sentinel that lives in the epidermis of the skin but can travel to nearby lymph nodes. Helper T Cell: A type of white blood cell that activates immune responses in the... Duration: 00:03:14Why The Shortest Day Of The Year Isn't The Coldest
Aug 13, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Astronomical seasons - seasons that are defined by equinoxes and solstices (not temperature or weather) Equinox: the time/dates at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of approximately equal length Solstice: the time/dates at which the sun reaches its maximum or minimum declination, marked by the longest and shortest days Seasonal lag: the phenomenon by which the hottest/coldest days of the year are delayed until after the days with the most/least sunlightMinuteEarth is produced by...
Duration: 00:03:46The Plankton Paradox
Aug 12, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Competitive Exclusion Principle: The idea that two similar species cannot inhabit the same ecological niche. Phytoplankton: Microscopic flora that drift with the ocean currents. Lotka-Volterra Competitive Equations: A simple model of the population dynamics of species competing for the same resources.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:08Why Some Fruits Won’t Ripen On Your Counter
Aug 11, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
climacteric: a pattern of fruit ripening associated with increased ethylene production and a rise in cellular respiration (meaning that the fruit can ripen off the plant) nonclimacteric: ripening that is not characterized by a peak of ethylene production or respiration (and must happen on the plant)MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:15Jet Fuel
Aug 10, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:16Visible Plates
Aug 09, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:10Hyena Butter: Everything You Did And Didn't Want To Know
Aug 08, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:02:52The Hurricane Category Scale Is Broken
Aug 07, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Storm surge: a sea level rise caused by strong winds pushing the water and a change in atmospheric pressure of a storm. Hurricane: a tropical cyclone occurring in the Atlantic Ocean or northeastern Pacific Ocean Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale: the current scale used to categorize hurricanes from 1 to 5 based on the hurricane’s maximum sustained wind speed.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:19How To Solve Every Global Crisis
Aug 06, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Ozone layer: A thin layer of ozone concentrated in the Earth’s stratosphere roughly 10 kilometers above that absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation before it hits the Earth’s surface. Ultraviolet radiation: Invisible rays of energy that come from the sun that can be harmful to humans and other lifeforms. Chlorofluorocarbons: Also known as CFCs, these long man-made molecules used to be widely used refrigerants and solvents before it was discovered that - when exposed to ultraviolet radiation - their chlorine atoms would break off an... Duration: 00:04:29The Place Where Time Flows Backwards
Aug 05, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:02The Science of Hobbit Gluttony
Aug 04, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Square-cube Law: A mathematical principle which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases. Kleiber’s Law: The observation that, for the vast majority of animals, an animal's metabolic rate scales to the 3⁄4 power of the animal's mass. Calorie: Unit of energy. One food calorie equals 1 kilocalorie.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:34Sinking Plates
Aug 03, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:42Convection Currents
Aug 02, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:16Why Sharks Are Covered In Teeth
Aug 01, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Dermal denticles: also called placoid scales, they’re the most primitive form of fish scales that are structurally similar to teeth and are today found only in sharks, rays, and chimaeras. Outside-in theory: The strongest theory for the evolution of teeth, which are thought to have evolved from dermal denticle scales. Ostracoderms: Extinct armored jawless fish that lived in the Paleozoic Era Thelodonts: Extinct jawless fish that had individual scales as opposed to plates of armor Placoderms: Now extinct, they were some of the first jawed fi... Duration: 00:03:48How A Whale And A Bear Beat The System
Jul 31, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Megafauna: Large animals, usually over 45 Kgs. Anthropocene era: A proposed time period delineated the age during which human activity has been the dominant force on the environment and the climate. Holocene Extinction: An ongoing extinction event of species due to human activity. Fertility Rate: The number of babies an organism has in its lifetime. Omnivory: The ability to eat food from two different trophic levels. Bubble-Net Feeding: A cooperative hunting technique where groups of whales use bubbles to disorient fish prey.MinuteEarth is produced by...
Duration: 00:03:29How To Survive Poison
Jul 30, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Poison: A substance that is capable of causing illness or death when introduced or absorbed. Overdose: A dangerously large dose of a substance. Biotransformation: The process by which foreign chemicals are transformed by the body into less toxic substances. Polydipsia: The medical term for feelings of extreme thirst that can lead to hyponatremia. Hyponatremia: Abnormally low sodium in the blood often caused by excessive water consumption. Lethal Concentration - The concentration a substance needs to be in the bloodstream to kill 50% of subjects. Metabolism - the... Duration: 00:02:51Why These Bears “Waste” Food
Jul 29, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Foraging: to search widely for food. Optimal Foraging Theory: A behavioral model that describes how an animal should behave when searching for food. Surplus Killing: a common behavior exhibited by predators, in which they kill more prey than they can immediately eat and then cache or abandon the remainder.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:44How Fevers REALLY Work
Jul 28, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Fever: a rise in body temperature, usually caused by infection Heat shock proteins (HSP): a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions Neutrophils: white blood cells that play an important role in inflammation and are early responders to pathogens. T cells: major components of the adaptive immune system whose roles include regulating the immune response to pathogens.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:58Moving Plates
Jul 27, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:14Plate Tectonics
Jul 26, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:21How Long Did People Use To Live?
Jul 25, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Life Expectancy At Birth: The average number of years a newborn in a particular group could expect to live. Mortality Rate: The frequency of occurrence of death within a particular group during a particular time period. Life Table: A table that shows the number of individuals within a group that survive from one year to the next until they are all dead. Survivorship Curve: A plot of the data in a particular life table that shows the years on the x-axis and the number or percent... Duration: 00:03:57We don't know what a tree is (and this video won't tell you)
Jul 24, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Wood: A bunch of cellulose fibers intertwined with lignin usually found in the trunk of a tree. Trunk: A wooden stem that thickens over time. Bonsai: An ornamental tree or shrub that is artificially prevented from reaching its normal size. Shrub: A woody plant that is smaller than a tree. Gymnosperm: A group of plants, including conifers, that have naked seeds. Angiosperm: A group of plants, including lots of other “trees” that have enclosed seeds. Monocots: A group of flowering plants - mostly angiosperms - with a si... Duration: 00:03:21Why It's Good To Have A Weak Hand
Jul 23, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Handedness: the tendency to use one hand more than the other for specific tasksMinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:04:00An Unexpected Consequence of COVID
Jul 22, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Particulate matter: often abbreviated PM, it is the sum of all the tiny particles and drops of liquid suspended in the air including soil, soot, dust, metals, and acids like nitrates. Air quality: a measurement of how polluted the air is, judged by the level of known pollutants in the air like NO2 and particulate matter like soot. Ozonolysis: an organic chemical reaction wherein ozone cleaves a carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated compounds.MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:03:35The Lost Penis Enigma
Jul 21, 2025To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Amniote: Vertebrates whose embryos are enclosed in a thin sac. Cloaca: A posterior orifice used for excretion and reproduction. Cloacal Kiss: A method that penisless amniotes use to mate, which involves males and females momentarily pressing their cloacae together. Tuatara: Reptiles endemic to New Zealand that are the only surviving members of their ancient amniote group. Hemipenis: One of the paired copulatory organs of lizards and snakes. Bmp4: A protein that, when present, stifles the growth of penises in chick embryos. Convergent Evolution: The independent evolution... Duration: 00:03:08Mountain weather
Jul 20, 2025MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Duration: 00:01:27