JAMA Clinical Reviews

Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Author Lara Dunn, MD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center joins JAMA Associate Editor Margaret Wheeler, MD, to discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of head and neck cancer.

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Allergic rhinitis affects about 1 in 6 US adults. A recent JAMA Insights summarizes evidence regarding the associations of climate change and air pollution with allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. The discussion includes prevention and management strategies. Coauthor Neelima Tummala, MD, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss.

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Clinicians should weigh benefits against risks when engaging patients in informed discussions about cannabis or cannabinoid use. Kevin Hill, MD, MHS, of Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence about the therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids in adults, potential harms, and evidence-based clinical guidance.

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Peripheral neuropathy affects approximately 1% of adults worldwide and can be associated with significant disability. Author Michelle Mauermann, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, to discuss diagnosis and optimal management of peripheral neuropathy.

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), an increasingly prevalent condition among adults worldwide, is associated with liver-related complications, hepatocellular carcinoma, and certain extrahepatic cancers. Author Norbert Stefan, MD, from the University Hospital of Tübingen in Tübingen, Germany, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

The JAMA Summit on Firearm Violence convened 60 thought leaders from a wide array of disciplines to chart a roadmap that could lead to substantial reductions in firearm harms by 2040. Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss the Summit and steps that could lead to a safer world by 2040.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Keratinocyte carcinomas, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are common forms of skin cancer. Approximately 5.4 million keratinocyte carcinomas are diagnosed in the US annually. Author Mackenzie R. Wehner, MD, MPhil, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss treatment of these types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Lung cancer in nonsmoking individuals is increasing worldwide and currently accounts for 15% to 20% of lung cancer cases globally. Benjamin Solomon, PhD, of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia, discusses the epidemiology and treatment of lung cancer in nonsmoking patients with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Syphilis infections have increased in the US and worldwide over the past decade. Left untreated, syphilis can cause blindness, deafness, psychosis, dementia, and peripheral nerve damage, and can cause congenital syphilis. Author Franco Chevalier, MD, MPH, from the San Francisco Department of Public Health discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Microplastics, defined as plastics smaller than 5 mm, have been detected in human tissues at increasing rates and are associated with potential adverse health effects. Author David Christiani, MD, MPH, from the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, discusses this topic and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Severe refractory asthma, which affects approximately 1% to 5% of patients with asthma, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Author Juan Carlos Cardet, MD, MPH, of the University of South Florida joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the management of patients with severe refractory asthma, including first-line medications and biologics.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Epidemiologist Brian Lee, PhD, discusses his study on acetaminophen use during pregnancy and children's risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in this interview with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Health care professionals often use numbers to guide decisions, monitor patient health, and communicate information. Author Angela Fagerlin, PhD, of the University of Utah joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss how providing numerical information may be helpful in shared decision-making with patients.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) is characterized by thrombus formation in the superficial veins, typically in the lower or upper extremities. In this podcast, the coauthor of a JAMA review on SuVT, Behnood Bikdeli, MD, MS, discusses pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of SuVT with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Untreated hypothyroidism can cause serious health complications such as heart failure and myxedema coma. Author Maria Papaleontiou, MD, of the University of Michigan joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of primary overt hypothyroidism in nonpregnant adults.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Interview with Alexander Chern, MD, author of Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid–Enabled Earbuds—Merging Hearing Health and Technology. Hosted by Paul C. Bryson, MD, MBA.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

The incidence and prevalence of cutaneous melanoma in the US and worldwide have increased over the last 5 decades. JAMA Review Author John Kirkwood, MD, discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of melanoma with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Hemorrhoidal disease, pathology of the tissue lining the anal canal, affects approximately 10 million individuals in the US. Author Jean H. Ashburn, MD, of Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, discuss the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Dalbavancin, a long-acting IV lipoglycopeptide, may be an option for the treatment of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia without requiring long-term IV access. Author Thomas L. Holland, MD, MSc, from Duke University School of Medicine discusses key points of the DOTS randomized clinical trial and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Prostatitis affects approximately 9.3% of men in their lifetime and includes acute and chronic bacterial infection and nonbacterial chronic prostatitis with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Author Minh N. Pham, MD, from University of North Carolina School of Medicine discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Geroscience aims to define and modify biologic pathways associated with aging and age-related diseases. Author Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD, of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding geroscience, human health, and promising therapies that may slow aging and age-related decline.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

New medications for obesity, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are highly effective but can be associated with adverse effects that reduce adherence. Obesity expert and author Robert Kushner, MD, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss a recent JAMA Insights article on managing adverse effects of obesity medications.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Author David M. Kent, MD, MS, of Tufts Medical Center and JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discuss how to evaluate the likelihood that a PFO was causal in a patient with a cryptogenic ischemic stroke, and closure of a PFO to lower the incidence of recurrent strokes for affected patients.

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Approximately 200 000 people are hospitalized for diverticulitis each year in the US, and the incidence of diverticulitis is increasing, particularly among younger people. Author Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, of the University of Vermont and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diverticulitis.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

A recent Review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer. William Cliby, MD, and John Weroha, MD, PhD, both from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, discuss this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Margaret Wheeler, MD.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancers, typically defined as occurring in patients younger than age 50, are increasing worldwide. A recent JAMA Review summarizes current data on early-onset colorectal, pancreatic, and esophagogastric cancers. Coauthor Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS to discuss.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Approximately 40% of men older than 50 have urinary frequency or urgency that affects their quality of life. Author John T. Wei, MD, MS, of the University of Michigan Department of Urology and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss diagnosis and management of these symptoms in older men.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

In the 25 years since its emergence in the US, West Nile virus has become the leading cause of domestic mosquito-borne disease. It causes approximately 1300 neuroinvasive disease cases and 130 deaths annually in the US. Coauthor Carolyn Gould, MD, of the CDC joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, to discuss the review on this topic published in JAMA.

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JAMA Editors' Summary

Worldwide, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men older than 50 years experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime. Author Suzanne N. Morin, MD, MSc, of McGill University and JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discuss the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis.

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Which tests can be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes? When should injectable medications for type 2 diabetes be started? These are just some of the questions clinicians may have when diagnosing and treating type 2 diabetes in adults. Author Rita Kalyani, MD, MHS, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH.

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Adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome of cortisol deficiency. A recent JAMA Review summarizes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses this and more with author Anand Vaidya, MD, MMSc.

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Interview with Anne P. Cameron, MD and Glenn T. Werneburg, MD, PhD, authors of Foley Catheter Management: A Review. Hosted by Amalia Cochran, MD.

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Patients' treatment expectations may affect their treatment outcomes. Coauthor Johannes A. C. Laferton, PhD, joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss the latest article in JAMA's Communicating Medicine series, which explores how to help patients have a better experience and better outcomes with treatment.

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Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events. Author Samia Mora, MD, MHS, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School discusses measurement and interpretation of lipoprotein (a) levels with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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A central question in platelet transfusion is whether to follow a restrictive or liberal strategy in decisions about which patients should receive platelets. Author Ryan Metcalf, MD, University of Utah, discusses new clinical guidelines for platelet transfusion and more with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD.

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Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare coagulopathic disorder characterized by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, that can cause life-threatening thrombosis. Coauthor Allyson M. Pishko, MD, MSCE, of the University of Pennsylvania joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the recent review of iTTP published in JAMA.

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The human microbiome appears to influence risk for development and progression of cancer and response to treatment. Author Jennifer Wargo, MD, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, discusses basic science and clinical evidence regarding the human microbiome and cancer risk with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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Endometriosis, a common cause of pelvic pain, affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age females. Author Sawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPH, University of Michigan, discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH.

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What is the single most important thing to recognize when communicating with families about vaccines? Author Sean T. O'Leary, MD, MPH, of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss evidence-based approaches for discussions with parents about vaccines.

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Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, which affects approximately a half million people in the US, is a chronic lung condition that involves permanent bronchial dilation and inflammation; it is characterized by a productive cough and recurrent exacerbations. Author Alan F. Barker, MD, of Oregon Health and Science University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss non-CF bronchiectasis.

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A JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society's most recent recommendations on vitamin D supplementation for disease prevention. Author Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie, MD, MPH, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS.

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What are 3 fundamental communication skills needed when discussing surgery with patients? Author Lauren J. Taylor, MD, of the Central Virginia VA Health Care System discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM.

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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a smoking-related malignancy that presents at an advanced stage in 70% of patients. Author Anne C. Chiang, MD, PhD, of the Yale University School of Medicine joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of SCLC.

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Polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic kidney disease worldwide and is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts. Author Nerra Dahl, MD, PhD, Mayo Clinic, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ADPKD in adults, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS.

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Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that affects approximately 5 million people worldwide. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, have substantially improved survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In this podcast, author Elias J. Jabbour, MD, of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses diagnosis and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD.

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Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US and the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Author R. Bruce Montgomery, MD, of the University of Washington joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the current evidence regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of localized and metastatic prostate cancer.

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A recent JAMA article reviews the 3 most common eating disorders, their risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. In this podcast, coauthors Evelyn Attia, MD, and Timothy Walsh, MD, both from Columbia University Irving Medical Center, discuss eating disorders with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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In 2024, the American Law Institute revised the legal standard for assessing medical negligence. Author Christopher T. Robertson, JD, PhD, of Boston University School of Law joins JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, to discuss these changes in the first-ever restatement of the law.

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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in apparently healthy adults younger than 40 years ranges from 4 to 14 per 100 000 person-years worldwide. Among young adults who have had cardiac arrest outside of a hospital, only 9% to 16% survive to hospital discharge. Author Zian Tseng, MD, MAS, University of California, San Francisco, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS.

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Guidelines from the American Thoracic Society report on the value of pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD, interstitial lung disease, or pulmonary hypertension. JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis author Michaela R. Anderson, University of Pennsylvania, discusses these guidelines and more with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS.

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Essential thrombocythemia, a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm with excessive platelet production, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Author Ayalew Tefferi, MD, of the Mayo Clinic, joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

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Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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NIH'S policies, programs, and research funding fill gaps in knowledge about women's health. Janine Austin Clayton, MD, of the NIH joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss key programs, policies, and scientific advances of the NIH that have informed and improved women's health.

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JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, and JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, highlight their selections of top JAMA 2024 Clinical Reviews podcasts.

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Chronic kidney disease develops among 30% to 40% of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes during their lifetime. Author Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS, of the University of Washington Division of Nephrology, discusses the evaluation and treatment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH.

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The number of people living with atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing, and they have a higher rate of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, and dementia compared with people without AF. Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, an epidemiologist and cardiologist, discusses current diagnosis and treatment of AF with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potentially life-saving therapy for some patients with hematologic and bone marrow cancers and certain nonmalignant conditions such as sickle cell disease. Hermioni L. Amonoo, MD, MPP, MPH, of Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss the process of allogeneic stem cell donation.

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JAMA Senior Editor Derek Angus, MD, MPH, and JAMA Associate Editor Christopher Seymour, MD, MSc, discuss 4 critical care trials published in JAMA and simultaneously presented at the 2024 CCR Down Under meeting in Melbourne, Australia, with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Access to obstetric care in US hospitals has been declining, while maternal mortality is on the rise. A new research letter published in JAMA quantifies losses and gains of obstetric care at rural and urban short-term acute care hospitals in the US between 2010-2022. Author Katy Kozhimannil, PhD, MPA, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS.

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Ovarian aging is an important cause of infertility in women older than 35 years. Success rates of fertility treatment decline with age, most commonly due to declining ovarian function. Author Albert L. Hsu, MD, MS, of University of Cincinnati, Ohio, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS.

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Mpox is an evolving global health threat, and clinicians should be aware of characteristic signs and symptoms to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Author Jason Zucker, MD, MS, of Columbia University Irving Medical Center speaks with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, about the transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention of mpox.

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Calcific aortic stenosis affects approximately 12% of people >75 years in the US and worldwide leads to more than 100 000 deaths each year. Catherine M. Otto, MD, PhD, of the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of aortic stenosis with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS.

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CAR T cells are genetically engineered to express a receptor that recognizes and kills tumor cells. CAR T-cell products are now FDA approved for 6 hematologic malignancies. Author Jennifer N. Brudno, MD, National Cancer Institute, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss "CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Translational Science Review."

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Peptic ulcer disease affects approximately 1% of the population in the US, and H pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease. Author Nimish Vakil, MD, a gastroenterologist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, discusses current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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High prescription costs are a major barrier to the optimal treatment of many health conditions. Prescribers need tools to help patients find the lowest drug costs. Author Hussain S. Lalani, MD, MPH, MSc, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss "Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs."

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Even though highly effective medications are currently available to prevent HIV, there are about 1.3 million new infections worldwide each year. Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH, of the University of California San Francisco joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV.

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In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Opill, a daily progestin-only oral contraceptive for over-the-counter sale to people of all ages. Daniel Grossman, MD, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH.

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Selection of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and timing of dialysis initiation are influenced by patient symptoms, laboratory trajectories, patient preferences, and therapy cost and availability; shared decision-making is key. Jennifer E. Flythe, MD, MPH, from the University of North Carolina, discusses dialysis for chronic kidney failure with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS.

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Chronic spontaneous urticaria affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, impairs patients' quality of life, and is associated with multiple comorbidities. Pavel Kolkhir, MD, discusses the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH.

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Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with approximately 740 000 hospitalizations and 41 000 deaths in the US annually. JAMA Review authors Scott A. Flanders, MD, and Valerie M. Vaughn, MD, MSc, discuss diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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Infestations by ectoparasites such as scabies, bedbugs, and body lice are common. Diagnosis requires history, including social drivers of health such as living environment, and physical examination. Author Aileen Y. Chang, MD, of UCSF, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, to discuss Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations: A Narrative Review.

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Pericarditis accounts for up to 5% of emergency department visits for nonischemic chest pain in North America and Western Europe. JAMA Review author Paul C. Cremer, MD, MS, discusses the recommended treatments for acute pericarditis and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS.

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JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo reviews 4 JAMA trials presented at this year's European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress on antihypertensive continuation before elective surgery, potassium supplementation after cardiac surgery, pulmonary vein isolation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation, and a triple-drug combination pill for resistant hypertension in Africa.

Correction: an earlier version of this podcast contained an error in the conclusion of the TIGHT K trial summary, which has been updated.

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Renal cell carcinoma has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 2.3% for men and 1.3% for women in the US. Affected patients in early stages can have >94% cancer-specific survival. Author William Y. Kim, MD, of the University of North Carolina joins JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of renal cell carcinoma.

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Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection that is caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 and may result in ulcers, neonatal herpes infection, and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Author Christine Johnston, MD, University of Washington, discusses herpes infection and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ.

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Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are commonly used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Author James D. Douketis, MD, from McMaster University discusses with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, the management of DOACs in patients undergoing an elective or emergency surgery or procedure.

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About 20% of adolescents in the US are living with obesity. Author Aaron S. Kelly, PhD, of the University of Minnesota Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss Obesity in Adolescents: A Review.

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Exertional heat illness at its extreme may cause heat stroke and altered mental status (confusion, delirium, stupor, or unconsciousness), which can result in organ failure and death. Author Francis G. O'Connor, MD, MPH, discusses heat-related illness in athletes, including risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and management, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Current NWS Forecast

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New weight-loss drugs have transformed care for people with obesity. In this Clinical Reviews podcast, Robert F. Kushner, MD, MS, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss prescribing these drugs to improve health outcomes and minimize adverse effects in people with obesity.

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Medical practice accounts for 8% of carbon emissions in the US. Author Wendy Levinson, MD, discusses simple changes that clinicians can make to reduce adverse effects of health care on the climate and the environment with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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Essential tremor is a common movement disorder. Author Binit B. Shah, MD, of the University of Virginia joins JAMA Deputy Editor Christopher C. Muth, MD, to discuss the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of essential tremor, including pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments.

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The US is a global leader in introducing new medical products, but the ability to generate evidence to inform clinical practice in postmarket settings must improve. Insurers may have an important role to play. Robert M. Califf, MD, of the US Food and Drug Administration, discusses why and how payers could support evidence generation with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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What are the common signs and symptoms of celiac disease and how is this disease diagnosed and managed? Author Kerstin Austin, MD, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS.

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Hospitals are on the frontlines of the US gun violence epidemic, both through the treatment of shooting victims and as sites of firearm violence. At least 240 shootings occurred on US hospital grounds from 2000 to 2016 alone. Author Joseph Blocher, MPhil, JD, from Duke Law School talks about this and more with JAMA Network Open Editor in Chief Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH.

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Interview with John M. Ruiz, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Management of BMI in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Severe pulmonary infections are a leading cause of death in adults worldwide. Romain Pirracchio, MD, MPH, PhD, of the University of California-San Francisco, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, to discuss Low-Dose Corticosteroids for Critically Ill Adults With Severe Pulmonary Infections.

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Approximately 9% of US adults experience major depression each year, with lifetime prevalence nearly 17% for men and 30% for women. Effective first-line depression treatments include forms of psychotherapy and medication. Close monitoring significantly improves likelihood of treatment success. Gregory E. Simon, MD, MPH, discusses depression treatment with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH.

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Homelessness is detrimental to health and clinicians can play an important role in mitigating the deleterious effects of homelessness. Margot Kushel, MD, University of California, San Francisco, discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH.

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Interview with Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common infection that may cause severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. Kathleen A. Linder, MD, of the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, discusses therapies to prevent severe RSV illness with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS.

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Chronic pruritus, defined as itch lasting more than 6 weeks, affects approximately 22% of people in their lifetime. In this JAMA clinical review podcast, dermatologist Daniel C. Butler, MD, from the University of Arizona College of Medicine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss evaluation and management of chronic pruritus.

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The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) oversight role in the pharmaceutical market is critical to the health of patients and the health care system. Aaron Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, discuss the FTC's policies and legal actions related to alleged misconduct, consolidation, and anticompetitive behavior in the pharmaceutical market.

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Do text messages with or without financial incentives increase weight loss in men with obesity? Pat Hoddinott, MB, BS, PhD, of Stirling University talks with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, about the results of a randomized clinical trial that tested whether financial incentives combined with text messaging could help men with obesity lose weight.

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Over the last several years there has been a proliferation of assistance animals in health care, including service animals, therapy animals, and emotional support animals. Lisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MSc, of Harvard Medical School and the Health Policy Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss service animals in health care settings.

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Interview with Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA, USPSTF Chair and coauthor of Screening for Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS.

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Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, is associated with progressive dyspnea and results in approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths in the US each year. Toby M. Maher, MD, MSc, PhD, of Keck Medicine of USC, discusses the diagnosis and management of ILD with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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Dislocated hips in newborns can lead to complex surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis. Daniel Perry, MBChb(Hons), PhD, of Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, discusses the clinical diagnosis of dislocated hips in newborns with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present at any age and is associated with immune-mediated damage to multiple organs and increased rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disability. New treatments have been FDA approved. Caroline H. Siegel, MD, MS, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD.

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